APT HOWTO (Obsolete Documentation) ---------------------------------- Gustavo Noronha Silva ÁõºÆ 1.8.10.4 - 2005Äê3Ô ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ÕªÒª ---- ÕâƪÎĵµÊÔͼÈÃÓû§¶ÔÓÚDebian°ü¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ßAPTµÄ¹¤×÷·½Ê½ÓÐÒ»¸öºÜºÃµÄÀí½â¡£ ËüµÄÄ¿±êÊÇÈÃеÄDebianÓû§¸üÈÝÒ×ÉÏÊÖ£¬Ò²ÈÃÄÇЩÏë°ïÖúÄÇЩÏë¸üÉîÈëÀí½â ÈçºÎ¹ÜÀíËûÃǵÄϵͳµÄÈË¡£ËüΪDebianÏîÄ¿¶ø±àд£¬Ä¿µÄÊÇÌá¸ß´Ë·¢Ðаæ¶ÔËü µÄÓû§µÄÖ§³Öˮƽ¡£ °æȨÉùÃ÷ -------- °æȨËùÓÐ (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Gustavo Noronha Silva This manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License for more details. A copy of the GNU General Public License is available as /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL in the Debian GNU/Linux distribution or on the World Wide Web at the GNU General Public Licence. You can also obtain it by writing to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ŀ¼ ---- 1. µ¼ÑÔ 2. »ù´¡ÉèÖà 2.1. /etc/apt/sources.listÎļþ 2.2. ÈçºÎÔÚ±¾µØʹÓÃAPT 2.3. Ñ¡Ôñ×î¼Ñ¾µÏñ·¢²¼Õ¾µã¼ÓÈësource.listÎļþ£ ºnetselect£¬netselect-apt 2.4. ½«CD-ROM¼ÓÈësource.listÎļþ 3. Èí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí 3.1. ¸üпÉÓÃÈí¼þ°üÁбí 3.2. °²×°Èí¼þ°ü 3.3. ÒƳýÈí¼þ°ü 3.4. ¸üÐÂÈí¼þ°ü 3.5. Éý¼¶µ½Ð°汾 3.6. ÒƳýÎÞÓÃÈí¼þ°üÎļþ£ºapt-get clean and autoclean 3.7. ÔÚdselectÖвÙ×÷APT 3.8. ÈçºÎ±£³ÖÒ»¸ö»ìºÏϵͳ 3.9. ÈçºÎ´ÓDebianµÄרÓð汾ÏÂÉý¼¶Èí¼þ°ü 3.10. ÈçºÎά»¤ÒÑ°²×°Èí¼þ°üµÄ¶à¸ö°æ±¾£¨¸´ÔÓ£© How to keep specific versions of packages installed (complex) 4. ¼¸¸ö·Ç³£ÓÐÓõŤ¾ß 4.1. ÈçºÎ°²×°±¾µØ±àÒëµÄÈí¼þ°ü£ºequivs 4.2. 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ÖÂл 10. ±¾Ê¹ÓÃÖ¸ÄϵÄа汾 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. µ¼ÑÔ ------- ×î³õÖ»ÓÐ.tar.gzµÄ´ò°üÎļþ£¬Óû§±ØÐë±àÒëÿ¸öËûÏëÔÚGNU/LinuxÉÏÔËÐеÄÈí¼þ¡£ Óû§ÃÇÆÕ±éÈÏΪϵͳºÜÓбØÒªÌṩһÖÖ·½·¨À´¹ÜÀíÕâЩ°²×°ÔÚ»úÆ÷ÉϵÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬ µ±Debianµ®Éúʱ£¬ÕâÑùÒ»¸ö¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ßÒ²¾ÍÓ¦Ô˶øÉú£¬Ëü±»ÃüÃûΪ`dpkg'¡£ ´Ó¶øÖøÃûµÄ¡°package¡±¸ÅÄîµÚÒ»´Î³öÏÖÔÚGNU/LinuxϵͳÖУ¬ÉÔºóRed Hat²Å¾ö¶¨¿ª ·¢×Ô¼ºµÄ¡°rpm¡±°ü¹ÜÀíϵͳ¡£ ºÜ¿ìÒ»¸öеÄÎÊÌâÄѵ¹ÁËGNU/LinuxÖÆ×÷Õߣ¬ËûÃÇÐèÒªÒ»¸ö¿ìËÙ¡¢ÊµÓᢸßЧµÄ·½ ·¨À´°²×°Èí¼þ°ü£¬µ±Èí¼þ°ü¸üÐÂʱ£¬Õâ¸ö¹¤¾ßÓ¦¸ÃÄÜ×Ô¶¯¹ÜÀí¹ØÁªÎļþºÍά»¤ÒÑÓÐ ÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£DebianÔÚ´ÎÂÊÏȽâ¾öÁËÕâ¸öÎÊÌ⣬APT(Advanced Packaging Tool)µ®Éú ÁË¡£APTºóÀ´»¹±»Conectiva¸ÄÔìÓÃÀ´¹ÜÀírpm£¬²¢±»ÆäËüLinux·¢Ðа汾²ÉÓÃΪËüÃÇ µÄÈí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß¡£ ±¾Îĵµ²»´òËã½²½âapt-rpmÏà¹Ø֪ʶ£¬ÒòΪConectivaÒÆÖ²µÄAPTÒѺÜÓÐÃûÁË£¬²»¹ý ÌṩÓйØÕⲿ·ÖµÄ²¹³äÎĵµ»¹ÊÇ»¶Ó­µÄ¡£ ±¾ÎĵµÊÇ»ùÓÚDebianÏÂÒ»¸ö·¢Ðаæ`Sarge'µÄ¡£ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. »ù´¡ÉèÖà ----------- 2.1. /etc/apt/sources.listÎļþ ------------------------------ ×÷Ϊ²Ù×÷µÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬APTʹÓÃÒ»¸öÎļþÁгö¿É»ñµÃÈí¼þ°üµÄ¾µÏñÕ¾µãµØÖ·£¬Õâ¸öÎÄ ¼þ¾ÍÊÇ`/etc/apt/sources.list'¡£ ÎļþÖеĸ÷ÏîÐÅϢͨ³£°´ÈçϸñʽÁгö£º deb http://host/debian distribution section1 section2 section3 deb-src http://host/debian distribution section1 section2 section3 µ±È»£¬ÉÏÃæËùÁеĵØÖ·ÏÊǼÙÉèµÄÇÒ²»Ó¦¸ÃʹÓÃËüÃÇ¡£Ã¿ÐеĵÚÒ»¸öµ¥´Ê`deb' »ò`deb-src'ÃèÊöÁËÎļþÀàÐÍ£ºÄ¿Â¼Öаüº¬µÄÊǶþ½øÖÆÈí¼þ°ü(`deb')£¬ ¼´ÎÒÃÇͨ³£Ê¹ÓõÄÒѱàÒëºÃµÄÈí¼þ°ü£»»ò°üº¬µÄÊÇÔ´Âë°ü(`deb-src')£¬Ô´Âë °ü°üº¬Ô´³ÌÐò±àÂë¡¢Debian¿ØÖÆÎļþ(`.dsc')ºÍ¡°Debian»¯¡±¸Ã³ÌÐòËù×ö¸ü¸ÄµÄ ¼Ç¼Îļþ`diff.gz'¡£ ÔÚDebianȱʡµÄsources.listÖÐͨ³£ÊÇÈçÏÂÄÚÈÝ£º # See sources.list(5) for more information, especially # Remember that you can only use http, ftp or file URIs # CDROMs are managed through the apt-cdrom tool. deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free deb http://security.debian.org stable/updates main contrib non-free # Uncomment if you want the apt-get source function to work #deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free #deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free ÕâЩÊÇDebian»ù±¾°²×°ËùÐèµÄÈí¼þ°üÀ´Ô´µØÖ·¡£µÚÒ»¸ö`deb'ÐÐÖ¸Ïò¹Ù·½Õý ʽÈí¼þ°üÀ´Ô´£¬µÚ¶þ¸öÐÐÖ¸Ïònon-USÈí¼þ°üÀ´Ô´£¬µÚÈýÐÐÖ¸ÏòDebian°²È«²¹¶¡¸üР°üÀ´Ô´¡£ ×îºóÁ½Ðб»×¢Ê͵ôÁË(ÔÚ¾äÊ×¼Ó¡°#¡±)£¬ËùÒÔapt-get½«ºöÂÔËüÃÇ¡£ÕâЩÊÇ`deb-src'ÐÐÖ¸ÏòDebianÔ´Âë°üÀ´Ô´£¬Èç¹ûÄã³£ÏÂÔسÌÐòÔ´ÂëÀ´²âÊÔ»òÖرàÒ룬¿ÉÈ¡Ïû¶Ô ËüÃǵÄ×¢ÊÍ¡£ `/etc/apt/sources.list'Îļþ¿É°üº¬¶àÖÖÀàÐ͵ĵØÖ·£¬APTÖªµÀÈçºÎ´¦ÀíÕâ Щ²»Í¬µÄµØÖ·ÀàÐÍ£º`http'¡¢`ftp'¡¢`file'(±¾µØÎļþ£¬Àý È磺һ¸ö¼ÓÔØÁËISO9600ÎļþϵͳµÄĿ¼)ºÍ`ssh'¡£ ±ðÍüÁËÔÚÐÞ¸ÄÍê`/etc/apt/sources.list'ÎļþºóÔËÐÐ`apt-get'ʹ ¸ü¸ÄÉúЧ¡£Äã±ØÐëÍê³ÉÕâ¸ö²½Ö裬ÒÔ±ãÈÃAPT´ÓÄãÖ¸¶¨µÄµØ·½»ñµÃеÄÈí¼þ°üÁÐ±í¡£ 2.2. ÈçºÎÔÚ±¾µØʹÓÃAPT ---------------------- ÓÐʱÄãÓ²ÅÌÉÏÓÐÐí¶à.debÈí¼þ°ü£¬Äã»áÏ£Íûͨ¹ýAPTÀ´°²×°ËüÃÇ£¬ÒÔ±ãÈÃËüÈ¥´¦ÀíÈí ¼þ°ü¼ä¸´ÔÓµÄÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ¡£ ÏëÕâô×ö£¬¾Í½¨Ò»¸öĿ¼£¬½«ËùÓÐÄãÏëÒª°²×°µÄ.debÎļþ·ÅÈëÆäÖС£ÀýÈ磺 # mkdir /root/debs Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÒ»¸ö`override'ÎļþÖ±½ÓÈ¥ÐÞ¸ÄÈí¼þ°üÖпØÖÆÎļþÖеĶ¨Ò壬ʹ Ö®·ûºÏÄãµÄÈí¼þ´¢²Ø¿â¹ÜÀí¹æÔò¡£ÔÚÕâ¸ö¸²¸ÇÎļþÖУ¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÏ£Íû¶¨ÒåһЩѡÏîÀ´¸² ¸ÇÄÇЩÈí¼þ°üµÄ¶¨Ò壬ÈçÏÂËùʾ£º package priority section packageÊÇÈí¼þ°üµÄÃû³Æ£¬priorityÓÐÈý¸ö¼¶±ðlow¡¢medium»òhigh£¬sectionÊÇÈí¼þ °üËùÊôµÄsection£¬ÖØÔØÎļþ¿ÉÈÎÒâÃüÃû£¬ÎļþÃû½«ÔÚ½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ²½ÖèÖÐ×öΪ²ÎÊý´«µÝ ¸ø`dpkg-scanpackages'¡£Èç¹ûÄã²»ÏëдÖØÔØÎļþ£¬Ö»ÐèÔÚµ÷ÓÃ`dpkg-scanpackages'ʱʹÓÃ`/dev/null'¾ÍÐÐÁË¡£ ÈÔÊÇÔÚ/rootĿ¼ÏÂÖ´ÐУº # dpkg-scanpackages debs | gzip > debs/Packages.gz ÔÚÉÏÊöµÄÃüÁîÐÐÖУ¬Îª`override'Îļþ£¬ÃüÁîÉú³ÉÒ»¸ö`Packages.gz'Îļþ£¬Ëü°üº¬ÁËAPTËùÐèµÄ¸÷ÖÖÈí¼þ°üÐÅÏ¢¡£×îºó£¬Èç¹ûҪʹÓà ÕâЩÈí¼þ°ü£¬¼ÓÉÏ£º deb file:/root debs/ Íê³ÉÁËÉÏÃæµÄ¹¤×÷£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔͨ³£ÄÇÑùʹÓÃAPTÃüÁî²Ù×÷ÕâЩÈí¼þ°üÁË¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃͬ ÑùµÄ·½·¨Éú³ÉÒ»¸öÔ´Âë¿â£¬µ«Çë¼ÇסÄãÐèÒª½«`.orig.tar.gz'Îļþ¡¢`.dsc'ÎļþºÍ`.diff.gz'Îļþ°üº¬ÔÚĿ¼ÖУ¬Í¬Ê±±ØÐëÉú³É`Source.gz'Îļþ¶ø²»ÊÇ`Packages.gz'Îļþ¡£ËùʹÓõÄÃüÁîÒ²²»Ïàͬ£¬ ҪʹÓÃ`dpkg-scansources'£¬ÃüÁîÈçÏÂËùʾ£º # dpkg-scansources debs | gzip > debs/Sources.gz Notice that `dpkg-scansources' doesn't need an `override' file. The sources.list's line is: deb-src file:/root debs/ 2.3. Ñ¡Ôñ×î¼Ñ¾µÏñ·¢²¼Õ¾µã¼ÓÈësource.listÎļþ£ºnetselect£¬netselect-apt ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ò»¸öÐÂÓû§¾­³£Îʵ½µÄÎÊÌ⣺¡°¸Ã½«ÄĸöDebian¾µÏñ·¢²¼Õ¾µã¼ÓÈë`source.list'Îļþ£¿¡±¡£Óкܶ෽·¨À´Ñ¡Ôñ¾µÏñ·¢²¼Õ¾µã£¬×¨¼ÒÃÇ¿ÉÄÜ»áдһ¸ö½Å±¾È¥²âÊÔ ²»Í¬Õ¾µãµÄpingʱ¼ä¡£²»¹ýÆäʵÓÐÒ»¸ö³ÌÐò¿ÉÒÔ°ïÄ㣺 _netselect_¡£ Òª°²×°netselect£¬Í¨³£Ê¹Ó㺠# apt-get install netselect ²»´ø²ÎÊýÔËÐÐËüʱ»áÏÔʾËüµÄ°ïÖúÐÅÏ¢¡£ÔËÐÐËüʱ¼ÓÉÏÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ·Ö¸ôµÄ¾µÏñÖ÷»úÁÐ±í£¬ Ëü»á·µ»ØÒ»¸ö·ÖÖµºÍÁбíÖеÄÒ»¸öÖ÷»úÃû¡£Õâ¸ö·Öֵͨ¹ýÆÀ¹Àpingʱ¼äºÍhopsÊý(Ò» ¸öÍøÂçÇëÇó±¨Îĵ½´ïÄ¿±êÖ÷»úËù¾­¹ýµÄת·¢Ö÷»úµÄ¸öÊý)µÃ³ö£¬ËüÓë¾µÏñÕ¾µãÔ¤¼ÆÏ ÔØËٶȳɷ´±È(ÊýֵԽСԽºÃ)¡£·µ»ØµÄÖ÷»úÃûÊÇÖ÷»úÁбíÖе÷Ö×îµÍµÄÄǸö(²é¿´ÁÐ ±íÖÐËùÒÔÖ÷»úµÄµÃ·ÖÇé¿ö¿ÉʹÓÃ-vvÑ¡Ï¡£¿´³öϵÄÀý×Ó£º # netselect ftp.debian.org http.us.debian.org ftp.at.debian.org download.unesp.br ftp.debian.org.br 365 ftp.debian.org.br # Ëü±íʾ£¬ÔÚnetselectºóÁгöµÄËùÓÐÖ÷»úÖУ¬`ftp.debian.org.br'ÊÇÏÂÔØËÙ ¶È×î¿ìµÄÖ÷»ú£¬ÆäµÃ·ÖΪ365¡£(×¢Ò⣡£¡ÕâÊÇÔÚÎÒµçÄÔÉϵIJâÊÔ½á¹û£¬²»Í¬µÄÍøÂç ½ÚµãÍøËÙ»á´ó²»Ïàͬ£¬ËùÒÔÕâ¸ö·ÖÖµ²»Ò»¶¨ÊÊÓÃÓÚÆäËüµçÄÔ) ÏÖÔÚ½«netselectÕÒµ½µÄÁ¬½ÓËÙ¶È×î¿ìµÄ¾µÏñÕ¾µã¼ÓÈë`/etc/apt/sources.list'Îļþ(²Î¿¼µÚ 2.1 ½Ú, `/etc/apt/sources.listÎļþ')²¢°´ÕÕµÚ 3 ÕÂ, `Èí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí'Öеļ¼ÇÉÀ´×ö¡£ _×¢Ò⣺_¾µÏñÕ¾µãÁбíͨ³£°üº¬ÔÚÎļþ http://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_fullÖС£ ´Ó0.3.ds1°æ¿ªÊ¼£¬netselectÔ´Âë°üÖаüº¬ÁË_netselect-apt_¶þ ½øÖÆ°ü£¬ËüʹÉÏÊö²Ù×÷×Ô¶¯Íê³É¡£Ö»Ð轫·¢²¼Ä¿Â¼Ê÷×öΪ²ÎÊý(ĬÈÏΪstable)ÊäÈ룬 `sources.list'Îļþ¾Í»áÉú³ÉËÙ¶È×î¿ìµÄmainºÍnon-US¾µÏñÕ¾µãÁÐ±í£¬²¢±£ ´æÔÚµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Ï¡£ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÉú³ÉÒ»¸ö°üº¬stable·¢²¼¾µÏñÕ¾µãÁбíµÄsources.list£º # ls sources.list ls: sources.list: File or directory not found # netselect-apt stable (...) # ls -l sources.list sources.list # _¼Çס£º_`sources.list'Éú³ÉÔÚµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼Ï£¬±ØÐ뽫ÆäÒÆ ÖÁ`/etc/apt'Ŀ¼¡£ ½Ó×Å£¬°´ÕÕµÚ 3 ÕÂ, `Èí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí'Öеļ¼ÇÉÀ´×ö¡£ 2.4. ½«CD-ROM¼ÓÈësource.listÎļþ -------------------------------- Èç¹ûÄãÓÃAPT´ÓCD-ROMÉÏ°²×°¼°Éý¼¶Èí¼þ°ü£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ½«Ëü¼ÓÈëµ½`sources.list'ÎļþÖС£Íê³É¸Ã²Ù×÷£¬¿ÉʹÓÃ`apt-cdrom'³ÌÐò£º # apt-cdrom add ½«Debian¹âÅÌ·ÅÈë¹âÇý£¬Ëü½«¼ÓÔعâÅÌĿ¼£¬²¢ÔÚ¹âÅÌÉϲéÕÒÈí¼þ°üÐÅÏ¢¡£Èç¹ûÄ㠵ĹâÇýÐèÒª¶îÍâÉèÖ㬿ÉʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÑ¡Ï -h - program help -d directory - CD-ROM mount point -r - Rename a recognized CD-ROM -m - No mounting -f - Fast mode, don't check package files -a - Thorough scan mode ÀýÈ磺 # apt-cdrom -d /home/kov/mycdrom add Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔɨÃèÒ»ÕŹâÅÌ£¬µ«²»½«Æä¼ÓÈëÁÐ±í£º # apt-cdrom ident ×¢Ò⣬ֻÓе±ÄãÔÚϵͳµÄ`/etc/fstab'ÖÐÕýÈ·ÉèÖÃÁ˹âÇýºó£¬¸Ã³ÌÐò²Å»á¹¤×÷¡£ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Èí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí ------------- 3.1. ¸üпÉÓÃÈí¼þ°üÁбí ----------------------- Èí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀíϵͳʹÓÃÒ»¸ö˽ÓÐÊý¾Ý¿â¸ú×ÙÁбíÖÐÈí¼þ°üµÄµ±Ç°×´Ì¬£ºÒÑ°²×°¡¢Î´°² ×°»ò¿É°²×°¡£`apt-get'ͨ¹ý¸ÃÊý¾Ý¿âÀ´È·¶¨ÈçºÎ°²×°Óû§ÏëÓõÄÈí¼þ °üÒÔ¼°Õý³£ÔËÐиÃÈí¼þ°üËù±ØÐëµÄÆäËü¹ØÁª°ü¡£ Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ`apt-get update'À´¸üÐÂÊý¾Ý¿âÁÐ±í¡£Õâ¸öÃüÁɨÃè `/etc/apt/sources.list'ÎļþÖÐËùָ·¾¶ÖеÄÈí¼þ°üÁбíÎļþ¡£ÓйظÃÁÐ ±íÎļþµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢Çë²Î¿¼µÚ 2.1 ½Ú, `/etc/apt/sources.listÎļþ'¡£ ¶¨Ê±ÔËÐÐÕâ¸ö³ÌÐòÊǸöºÃÖ÷Ò⣬Ëü½«Ê¹ÄãºÍÄãµÄϵͳ»ñµÃ×îеÄÈí¼þ°ü¸üкͰ²È« ¸üеÈÐÅÏ¢¡£ 3.2. °²×°Èí¼þ°ü --------------- ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÖÕÓÚµ½ÁËÄãÒ»Ö±ÆÚ´ýµÄ½×¶Î£¡×¼±¸ºÃÁËsources.listºÍ×îаæµÄµÄ¿ÉÓÃÈí¼þ °ü£¬ÄãËùÐè×öµÄ¾ÍÊÇÔËÐÐ`apt-get'À´°²×°Äã¿ÊÍûÒѾõÄÈí¼þÁË¡£ÀýÈ磬Äã ¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù£º # apt-get install xchat APT»áɨÃèËüµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÕÒµ½×îеİ汾µÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬²¢½«Ëü´Ó`sources.list'ÖÐ ËùÖ¸µÄµØ·½ÏÂÔص½±¾µØ¡£Èç¹û¸ÃÈí¼þ°üÐèÒªÆäËüÈí¼þ°ü²ÅÄÜÕý³£ÔËÐСª¡ªÈç±¾ÀýÒ»Ñù ¡ª¡ªAPT»á×ö¹ØÁªÐÔ¼ì²é²¢×Ô¶¯°²×°Ëù¹ØÁªÈí¼þ°ü¡£ÈçÏÂËùʾ£º # apt-get install nautilus Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 The following NEW packages will be installed: bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 nautilus 0 packages upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 8329kB of archives. After unpacking 17.2MB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] `nautilus'Èí¼þ°üÐèÒªÒýÓù²Ïíº¯Êý¿â£¬Òò´ËAPT»á´Ó¾µÏñÔ´´¦ÏÂÔØÏà¹Ø¹² Ïíº¯Êý¿â£¬Èç¹ûÄãÔÚ`apt-get'ÃüÁîÐÐÖÐÊÖ¶¯Ö¸¶¨ÁËÕâЩ¹²Ïíº¯Êý¿âµÄÃû³Æ£¬ APT²»»áѯÎÊÄãÊÇ·ñÒª¼ÌÐø£»Ëü»á×Ô¶¯ÈÏΪÄãÏ£Íû°²×°ËùÓÐÕâЩÈí¼þ°ü¡£ Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵APTÖ»»áÔÚ°²×°ÄÇЩûÓÐÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÖÐÖ¸¶¨µÄÈí¼þ°üʱÌáʾȷÈÏ¡£ ÏÂÁÐapt-getÑ¡ÏîÒ²Ðí¶ÔÄãÓÐÓ㺠-h Õâ¸ö°ïÖúÐÅÏ¢ -d Ö»ÏÂÔØ¡ª¡ª²»°²×°»ò½âѹµµ°¸ -f ¼´±ãÍêÕûÐÔ¼ì²éʧ°ÜÁËÈÔÈ»¼ÌÐø -s ²»×öʲô¡£Ö»ÊÇ°´Ë³ÐòÄ£Äâ -y ¶ÔÓÚËùÓÐÎÊÌⶼ¼Ù¶¨ÎªYes£¬²»Ñ¯ÎÊ -u ÏÔʾһϵÁÐÒѾ­½«Òª¸üеİü ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÒ»ÌõÃüÁî°²×°¶à¸öÈí¼þ°ü¡£°üÎļþ´ÓÍøÂçÉÏÏÂÔص½±¾µØ `/var/cache/apt/archives'Ŀ¼£¬ÉÔºóÔÙ°²×°¡£ Äã¿ÉÒÔÓÃͬÑùµÄÃüÁîÐÐɾ³ýÖ¸¶¨Èí¼þ°ü£¬Ö»ÐèÔÚÈí¼þ°üÃû³Æºó½ô¸úÒ»¸ö¡°-¡±£¬ÈçÏÂËùʾ£º # apt-get install nautilus gnome-panel- Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 The following packages will be REMOVED: gnome-applets gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-session The following NEW packages will be installed: bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 nautilus 0 packages upgraded, 4 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 8329kB of archives. After unpacking 2594kB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] ²Î¿¼µÚ 3.3 ½Ú, `ÒƳýÈí¼þ°ü'Ò»½ÚÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄ¹ØÓÚɾ³ýÈí¼þ°üµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ ¼ÙÈçÄ㲻СÐÄËð»µÁËÒÑ°²×°µÄÈí¼þ°ü¶øÏëÐÞ¸´Ëü£¬»òÕß½ö½öÏëÖØа²×°Èí¼þ°üÖÐij ЩÎļþµÄ×îа汾£¬ÕâÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½µÄ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÓÃÈçϵÄ`--reinstall'Ñ¡Ï # apt-get --reinstall install gdm Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/182kB of archives. After unpacking 0B will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 3.3. ÒƳýÈí¼þ°ü --------------- Èç¹ûÄã²»ÔÙʹÓÃijЩÈí¼þ°ü£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÓÃAPT½«Æä´ÓϵͳÖÐɾ³ý¡£ÒªÉ¾³ýÈí¼þ°üÖ»Ðè ÊäÈ룺`apt-get remove package'¡£ÈçÏÂËùʾ£º # apt-get remove gnome-panel Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: gnome-applets gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-session 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 14.6MB will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] ÓÉÉÏÀý¿ÉÖª£¬APT»á¹Ø×¢ÄÇЩÓ뱻ɾ³ýµÄÈí¼þ°üÓÐÒÀÀµ¹ØϵµÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£Ê¹ÓÃAPTɾ³ý Ò»¸öÈí¼þ°ü½«»áÁ¬´øɾ³ýÄÇЩÓë¸ÃÈí¼þ°üÓÐÒÀÀµ¹ØϵµÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£ ÉÏÀýÖÐÔËÐÐ`apt-get'»áɾ³ýÖ¸¶¨Èí¼þ°üÒÔ¼°ÓëÖ®ÓÐÒÀÀµ¹ØϵµÄÈí¼þ °ü£¬µ«ËüÃǵÄÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬Èç¹ûÓеĻ°£¬»áÍêºÃÎÞËðµØ±£ÁôÔÚϵͳÀï¡£Èç¹ûÏë³¹µ×ɾ ³ýÕâЩ°ü¼°ÆäÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬ÔËÐУº # apt-get --purge remove gnome-panel Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: gnome-applets* gnome-panel* gnome-panel-data* gnome-session* 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 14.6MB will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] ×¢Ò⣺Èí¼þ°üÃû×ÖºóÃæµÄ*±íʾ¸ÃÈí¼þ°üËùÓеÄÅäÖÃÎļþÒ²½«±»É¾³ý¡£ ¾ÍÏó`install'ʱһÑù£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ`remove'ÃüÁîÖÐÓÃÒ»¸ö·ûºÅÀ´Ö¸ ¶¨°²×°Ä³¸öÈí¼þ°ü¡£ÔÚɾ³ýÈí¼þ°üʱ£¬Èç¹ûÄãÔÚÈí¼þ°üÃû×ÖºóÃæ½ô¸úÒ»¸ö ¡°`+'¡±£¬ÄÇô¸ÃÈí¼þ°ü¾Í»á±»°²×°¶ø²»ÊÇɾ³ý¡£ # apt-get --purge remove gnome-panel nautilus+ Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 nautilus The following packages will be REMOVED: gnome-applets* gnome-panel* gnome-panel-data* gnome-session* The following NEW packages will be installed: bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 nautilus 0 packages upgraded, 4 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 8329kB of archives. After unpacking 2594kB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] ×¢Ò⣬`apt-get'ÁгöÁËÄÇЩ½«Òª±»°²×°µÄ¶îÍâÈí¼þ°ü(¼´±£Ö¤¸ÃÈí¼þ °üÕý³£ÔËÐеÄÆäËüÈí¼þ°ü)ºÍ½«Òª±»É¾³ý¹ØÁªÈí¼þ°ü£¬È»ºó£¬ÔÙ´ÎÁгöÁ˽«Òª±»°² ×°µÄÈí¼þ°ü(°üÀ¨Á˶îÍâµÄ°ü)¡£ 3.4. ¸üÐÂÈí¼þ°ü --------------- Èí¼þ°ü¸üÐÂÊÇAPT×î³É¹¦µÄÌص㡣ֻÐèÒ»ÌõÃüÁî¼´¿ÉÍê³É¸üУº `apt-get upgrade'¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÕâÌõÃüÁî´ÓÏàͬ°æ±¾ºÅµÄ·¢²¼°æÖиüРÈí¼þ°ü£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ´Óа汾ºÅµÄ·¢²¼°æÖиüÐÂÈí¼þ°ü£¬¾¡¹ÜʵÏÖºóÒ»ÖÖ¸üеÄÍƼö ÃüÁîΪ`apt-get dist-upgrade'£»ÏêÇéÇë²Î¿¼µÚ 3.5 ½Ú, `Éý¼¶µ½Ð°汾'¡£ ÔÚÔËÐиÃÃüÁîʱ¼ÓÉÏ`-u'Ñ¡ÏîºÜÓÐÓá£Õâ¸öÑ¡ÏîÈÃAPTÏÔʾÍêÕûµÄ¿É¸üРÈí¼þ°üÁÐ±í¡£²»¼ÓÕâ¸öÑ¡ÏÄã¾ÍÖ»ÄÜäĿµØ¸üС£APT»áÏÂÔØÿ¸öÈí¼þ°üµÄ×îР¸üа汾£¬È»ºóÒÔºÏÀíµÄ´ÎÐò°²×°ËüÃÇ¡£×¢ÒâÔÚÔËÐиÃÃüÁîÇ°Ó¦ÏÈÔËÐÐ `apt-get update'¸üÐÂÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ÏêÇéÇë²Î¿¼µÚ 3.1 ½Ú, `¸üпÉÓÃÈí¼þ°üÁбí'¡£Çë¿´Ï ÃæµÄÀý×Ó£º # apt-get -u upgrade Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following packages have been kept back cpp gcc lilo The following packages will be upgraded adduser ae apt autoconf debhelper dpkg-dev esound esound-common ftp indent ipchains isapnptools libaudiofile-dev libaudiofile0 libesd0 libesd0-dev libgtk1.2 libgtk1.2-dev liblockfile1 libnewt0 liborbit-dev liborbit0 libstdc++2.10-glibc2.2 libtiff3g libtiff3g-dev modconf orbit procps psmisc 29 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded. Need to get 5055B/5055kB of archives. After unpacking 1161kB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Õû¸ö¸üйý³Ì·Ç³£¼òµ¥¡£×¢ÒâÔÚ±¾ÀýÖÐÍ·¼¸ÐУ¬`apt-get'±¨¸æÓÐЩÈí¼þ°ü µÄ¸üб»`kept back'£¬Õâ±íÃ÷ÕâЩÈí¼þ°üµÄ¸üа汾Òò¹ÊÎÞ·¨°²×°£¬¿ÉÄÜ µÄÔ­ÒòÓйØÁª²»Í¬²½(µ±Ç°Ã»Óй©ÏÂÔصÄа汾¹ØÁª°ü)»ò¹ØÁªÀ©Õ¹(ÐèÒª°²×°Ð嵀 ¹ØÁª°üÒÔÅäºÏаæÈí¼þ°ü)¡£ ¶ÔÓÚµÚÒ»ÖÖÔ­ÒòûÓкܺõĽâ¾ö·½·¨£¬¶ÔÓÚµÚ¶þ´ÎÔ­Òò£¬ÔËÐÐ`apt-get intall'°²×°ËùÐèµÄйØÁª°ü¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¡£ÁíÒ»¸ö¸üºÃµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨¾ÍÊÇʹÓÃ`dist-upgrade'¡£ÏêÇéÇë²Î¿¼µÚ 3.5 ½Ú, `Éý¼¶µ½Ð°汾'¡£ 3.5. Éý¼¶µ½Ð°汾 ----------------- APTµÄ¾ø»î¾ÍÊÇÈÃÄãÒ»´Î¾ÍÍê³ÉÕû¸öϵͳµÄ¸üУ¬²»ÂÛÊÇͨ¹ýInternet»¹ÊÇͨ¹ý¹â ÅÌÎļþ(¹ºÂòµÄµúƬ»òÏÂÔصÄISO¾µÏñÎļþ)¡£ ËüÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´¸üÐÂÄÇЩ¹ØÁª¹Øϵ·¢Éú¸Ä±äµÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£¼´ÈçÇ°ËùÊöµÄÄÇЩʹÓÃ`apt-get upgrade'ʱ±»²»±»¸üÐÂ(kept back)µÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£ ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉèÄãĿǰʹÓõÄDebianΪstable revision 0£¬¶øÄ㹺ÂòÁËrevision 3µÄ аæDebian£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃAPT´ÓйâÅÌÉÏÉý¼¶ÄãµÄϵͳ¡£Ê¹ÓÃapt-cdrom(²Î¿¼µÚ 2.4 ½Ú, `½«CD-ROM¼ÓÈësource.listÎļþ')½«¹âÅ̼ÓÔص½`/etc/apt/sources.list'ÖУ¬È»ºóÔËÐÐ`apt-get dist-upgrade'¡£ Çë×¢Ò⣬APT×ÜÊÇËÑË÷×îа汾µÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬Òò´Ë£¬Èç¹ûÒ»¸öÈí¼þ°üÔÚÄãµÄ `/etc/apt/sources.list'ÖÐËùÁеİ汾±È¹âÅÌÉÏËùÁеİ汾ҪУ¬ÄÇô APT»áÏÂÔØÆäÖеÄÈí¼þ°ü¶ø²»ÊÇʹÓùâÅÌÉϵÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£ ÔÚµÚ 3.4 ½Ú, `¸üÐÂÈí¼þ°ü'½ÚµÄÀý×ÓÖУ¬ÎÒÃÇ¿´µ½ÓÐЩ°ü±»`kept back'ÁË£¬ÏÖ ÔÚÎÒÃǾÍÓÃ`dist-upgrade'·½·¨À´½â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌ⣺ # apt-get -u dist-upgrade Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done Calculating Upgrade... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: cpp-2.95 cron exim gcc-2.95 libident libopenldap-runtime libopenldap1 libpcre2 logrotate mailx The following packages have been kept back lilo The following packages will be upgraded adduser ae apt autoconf cpp debhelper dpkg-dev esound esound-common ftp gcc indent ipchains isapnptools libaudiofile-dev libaudiofile0 libesd0 libesd0-dev libgtk1.2 libgtk1.2-dev liblockfile1 libnewt0 liborbit-dev liborbit0 libstdc++2.10-glibc2.2 libtiff3g libtiff3g-dev modconf orbit procps psmisc 31 packages upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 0B/7098kB of archives. After unpacking 3118kB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] ×¢ÒâÏÖÔÚÄÇЩÈí¼þ°ü½«»á±»¸üУ¬ÄÇЩеĹØÁªÈí¼þ°üÒ²»á±»°²×°¡£µ«ÊÇliloÈÔ±» `kept back'£¬¿ÉÄÜ»¹´æÔÚһЩ±È½¨Á¢Ð¹ØÁª¸ü¼¬ÊÖµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÎÒÃÇͨ¹ýÈçÏ ·½·¨È·¶¨ÎÊÌâËùÔÚ£º # apt-get -u install lilo Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: cron debconf exim libident libopenldap-runtime libopenldap1 libpcre2 logrotate mailx The following packages will be REMOVED: debconf-tiny The following NEW packages will be installed: cron debconf exim libident libopenldap-runtime libopenldap1 libpcre2 logrotate mailx The following packages will be upgraded lilo 1 packages upgraded, 9 newly installed, 1 to remove and 31 not upgraded. Need to get 225kB/1179kB of archives. After unpacking 2659kB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] ²é¿´ÉÏÊöÌáʾÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÖª£¬liloÓë`debconf-tiny'°ü²úÉúÁËÒ»¸ö гåÍ»£¬Õâ±íÃ÷³ý·Çɾ³ýdebconf-tiny£¬·ñÔò½«ÎÞ·¨°²×°(»ò¸üÐÂ)lilo¡£ ÏëÖªµÀ¸Ã±£Áô»òɾ³ýÄÄЩÈí¼þ°ü£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓ㺠# apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes dist-upgrade Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done Calculating Upgrade... Starting Starting 2 Investigating python1.5 Package python1.5 has broken dep on python1.5-base Considering python1.5-base 0 as a solution to python1.5 0 Holding Back python1.5 rather than change python1.5-base Investigating python1.5-dev Package python1.5-dev has broken dep on python1.5 Considering python1.5 0 as a solution to python1.5-dev 0 Holding Back python1.5-dev rather than change python1.5 Try to Re-Instate python1.5-dev Done Done The following packages have been kept back gs python1.5-dev 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded. ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÄãºÜÈÝÒ×¾ÍÖªµÀ²»ÄÜ°²×°python1.5-devÈí¼þ°üÊÇÒòΪÎÞ·¨Âú×ãÁíÒ»¸öÈí¼þ °üpython1.5µÄ¹ØÁªÒªÇó¡£ 3.6. 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Done Building Dependency Tree... Done Del gpm 1.19.6-11 [145kB] Del logrotate 3.5.9-7 [26.5kB] ×ÜÖ®£¬apt-get autoclean½öɾ³ýÄÇЩ¹ýʱµÄÎļþ¡£²Î¿¼ µÚ 3.9 ½Ú, `ÈçºÎ´ÓDebianµÄרÓð汾ÏÂÉý¼¶Èí¼þ°ü'ÒÔÁ˽âapt-show-versionsµÄ¸ü¶àÏêÇé¡£ 3.7. ÔÚdselectÖвÙ×÷APT ----------------------- `dselect'¹¤¾ß°ïÖúÓû§Ñ¡È¡ÏëÒª°²×°µÄDebianÈí¼þ°ü¡£ËüÓе㸴ÔÓÉõ ÖÁÁîÈËÍû¶øÉúÑᣬµ«¾­¹ýʵ¼ùÄã¾ÍÄÜÕÆÎÕËü¿Ö²ÀµÄÖն˽çÃæ¡£ dselect¸ß¼¶¹¦ÄÜÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊÇËüÖªµÀÀûÓÃDebianÈí¼þ°üµÄ¡°ÍƼö¡±ºÍ¡°½¨Ò顱ÄÜÁ¦¡£(DebianÈí ¼þ°üÓÐÒ»ÖÖÄÜÁ¦£ºÍƼö»ò½¨ÒéϵͳÔÚ°²×°×Ô¼ºµÄͬʱ£¬°²×°±ðµÄÈí¼þ°üÒÔÅäºÏ×ÔÉíµÄ ¹¤×÷£¬µ±È»ÕâЩÍƼöµÄÈí¼þ°ü²»Ò»¶¨ÊDZØÐëµÄ£»¶ødselect¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔʶ±ðºÍÀûÓÃÕâ¸öÄÜ Á¦£¬Ê¹ÓÃdselectʱÄã¾ÍÄÜÌå»áµ½¡£ÒëÕß×¢)ÒÔrootÉí·ÝÔËÐÐ`dselect'£¬½øÈë³Ì ÐòºóÑ¡Ôñapt×÷ΪÁ¬½Ó·½Ê½(access)¡£¸Ã²½Öè²»ÊDZØÐëµÄ£¬µ«Èç¹ûÄãûÓйâÇý¶øÇÒÏëͨ ¹ýInternetÏÂÔØ°²×°Èí¼þ°ü£¬ÕâÊÇʹÓÃdselectµÄ×îºÃ·½·¨¡£ ÏëÉîÈëѧϰdselectµÄÓ÷¨£¬Çëµ½DebianÍøÕ¾²éÔÄdselectÎĵµÒ³Ãæhttp://www.debian.org/doc/ddp. 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You can play most Atari 2600 games with it. The latest news, code and binaries for Stella can be found at: http://www4.ncsu.edu/~bwmott/2600 ÆÁÄ»ÉÏÏÔʾ³öÕâ¸öÈí¼þ°üµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢¼°ÆäÓÃ;µÄÍêÕûÃèÊö¡£Èç¹ûÄãµÄϵͳÖÐÒÑ°²×° ÁËij¸öÈí¼þ°ü¶øϵͳÓÖËÑË÷µ½ËüµÄа汾£¬ÏµÍ³»á½«ËüÃǵÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢Ò»²¢Áгö¡£Èç ÏÂÀý£º # apt-cache show lilo Package: lilo Priority: important Section: base Installed-Size: 271 Maintainer: Russell Coker Architecture: i386 Version: 1:21.7-3 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.2.1-2), debconf (>=0.2.26), logrotate Suggests: lilo-doc Conflicts: manpages (<<1.29-3) Filename: pool/main/l/lilo/lilo_21.7-3_i386.deb Size: 143052 MD5sum: 63fe29b5317fe34ed8ec3ae955f8270e Description: LInux LOader - The Classic OS loader can load Linux and others This Package contains lilo (the installer) and boot-record-images to install Linux, OS/2, DOS and generic Boot Sectors of other OSes. . You can use Lilo to manage your Master Boot Record (with a simple text screen) or call Lilo from other Boot-Loaders to jump-start the Linux kernel. Package: lilo Status: install ok installed Priority: important Section: base Installed-Size: 190 Maintainer: Vincent Renardias Version: 1:21.4.3-2 Depends: libc6 (>= 2.1.2) Recommends: mbr Suggests: lilo-doc Description: LInux LOader - The Classic OS loader can load Linux and others This Package contains lilo (the installer) and boot-record-images to install Linux, OS/2, DOS and generic Boot Sectors of other OSes. . You can use Lilo to manage your Master Boot Record (with a simple text screen) or call Lilo from other Boot-Loaders to jump-start the Linux kernel. ×¢Ò⣬Ê×ÏÈÁгöµÄÊÇ¿ÉÓÃÈí¼þ°ü£¬½Ó×ÅÁгöµÄÊÇÒÑ°²×°Èí¼þ°ü¡£»ñȡij¸öÈí¼þ°üµÄ ³£¹æÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÔËÐУº # apt-cache showpkg penguin-command Package: penguin-command Versions: 1.4.5-1(/var/lib/apt/lists/download.sourceforge.net_debian_dists_unstable_main_binary-i386_Packages)(/var/lib/dpkg/status) Reverse Depends: Dependencies: 1.4.5-1 - libc6 (2 2.2.1-2) libpng2 (0 (null)) libsdl-mixer1.1 (2 1.1.0) libsdl1.1 (0 (null)) zlib1g (2 1:1.1.3) Provides: 1.4.5-1 - Reverse Provides: Èç¹û½öÏëÁ˽âijÈí¼þ°üµÄÓëÄÄЩÈí¼þ°ü¹ØÁª£¬¿ÉÔËÐУº # apt-cache depends penguin-command penguin-command Depends: libc6 Depends: libpng2 Depends: libsdl-mixer1.1 Depends: libsdl1.1 Depends: zlib1g ×ÜÖ®£¬ÓÐһϵÁй¤¾ß¿É°ïÖúÎÒÃÇÕÒµ½ÎÒÃÇÏëÒªµÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£ 5.2. ʹÓÃdpkg²éÕÒÈí¼þ°üÃû³Æ --------------------------- ÁíÒ»¸ö¶¨Î»Èí¼þ°üµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÖªµÀÈí¼þ°üÖÐij¸ö¹Ø¼üÎļþµÄÃû³Æ¡£ÀýÈ磬Äã±àÒëʱÐè Ҫij¸ö¡°`.h'¡±Í·Îļþ£¬²éÕÒÌṩ¸ÃÎļþµÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÔËÐУº # dpkg -S stdio.h libc6-dev: /usr/include/stdio.h libc6-dev: /usr/include/bits/stdio.h perl: /usr/lib/perl/5.6.0/CORE/nostdio.h »òÕߣº # dpkg -S /usr/include/stdio.h libc6-dev: /usr/include/stdio.h ½âϵͳÖÐÒÑ°²×°Èí¼þµÄÈí¼þ°üÃû³ÆÊ®·ÖÓÐÓã¬Æ©Èçµ±ÄãÏëÇåÀíÓ²ÅÌ¿Õ¼äʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔÔËÐУº # dpkg -l | grep mozilla ii mozilla-browse 0.9.6-7 Mozilla Web Browser Õâ¸öÃüÁîµÄȱµãÊÇËü»á¡°½Ø¶Ï¡±Èí¼þ°üµÄÃû×Ö¡£ÔÚÉÏÀýÖУ¬Èí¼þ°üµÄÈ«³ÆÊÇ `mozilla-browser'£¬½â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ`COLUMNS'»·¾³±äÁ¿£º [kov]@[couve] $ COLUMNS=132 dpkg -l | grep mozilla ii mozilla-browser 0.9.6-7 Mozilla Web Browser - core and browser »òÏÔʾ³ÉÕâÑù£º # apt-cache search "Mozilla Web Browser" mozilla-browser - Mozilla Web Browser 5.3. 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Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: comerr-dev e2fslibs-dev gdk-imlib-dev imlib-progs libgnome-dev libgnorba-dev libgpmg1-dev 0 packages upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 1069kB of archives. After unpacking 3514kB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] ÕâЩ½«Òª±»°²×°µÄ°üÊÇÓÃÓÚÕýÈ·±àÒë`gmc'µÄ¡£×¢ÒâÕâ¸öÃüÁî²» ÄÜÓÃÀ´ËÑË÷ij¸öÈí¼þµÄÔ´Âë°ü£¬ÄãµÃÁíÍâÔËÐÐ`apt-get source'ÏÂÔØÔ´Âë°ü¡£ Èç¹ûÄãÏë×öµÄÊǼì²éÒª±àÒëÒ»¸öÈí¼þ°üÐèÒªÄÄЩÆäËüµÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬`apt-cache show'¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾËü(´ÓÄÇ¿¼µÚ 5 ÕÂ, `»ñÈ¡Èí¼þ°üÐÅÏ¢'£¬ÔÚÖÚ¶àÐÅÏ¢Ö®ÖУ¬`Build-Depends'Ò»ÐлáÁгöÄÇЩÐèÒªµÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£ # apt-cache showsrc ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. ÈçºÎ´¦Àí´íÎó --------------- 7.1. Ò»°ã´íÎó ------------- ´íÎó×ÜÊÇ·¢Éú£¬´ó²¿·ÖÊÇÒòΪÓû§µÄ´ÖÐÄ£¬ÏÂÃæÁоÙһЩ³£¼û´íÎó¼°´¦Àí·½·¨¡£ Èç¹ûÔÚÔËÐÐ`apt-get install package'ʱ£¬ÄãµÄϵͳ±¨¸æÈçÏÂÐÅÏ¢£º Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... 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ÖÂл ------- ·Ç³£¸ÐлÄãÃÇ£¬ÎÒDebian-BRÏîÄ¿×éµÄºÃÅóÓÑÃÇ£¡»¹ÓÐÄãDebian£¬Ê¼ÖÕÔÚÎÒÉí±ß°ïÖú ÎÒ£¬¸øÎÒ¶¯Á¦²»Í£¹¤×÷ΪȫÈËÀà×ö³ö¹±Ï×£¬°ïÖúÎÒÊ÷Á¢Õü¾ÈÊÀ½çµÄÀíÏë¡£:) ÎÒ»¹Òª¸ÐлCIPSGA£¬ËûÃǸøÓèÎÒÃÇÏîÄ¿×éÄËÖÁÕû¸ö×ÔÓÉÈí¼þÏîÄ¿¾Þ´óµÄ°ïÖú£¬ÊÇÎÒ ÃÇÁé¸ÐµÄԴȪ¡£ Ìرð¸Ðл£º Yooseong Yang Michael Bramer Bryan Stillwell Pawel Tecza Hugo Mora Luca Monducci Tomohiro KUBOTA Pablo Lorenzzoni Steve Langasek Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo Erik Rossen Ross Boylan Matt Kraai Aaron M. Ucko Jon AAslund ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10. ±¾Ê¹ÓÃÖ¸ÄϵÄа汾 ---------------------- ±¾²Ù×÷ÊÖ²áÓÉDebian-BRÏîÄ¿×é (http://www.debian-br.org)׫ д£¬ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûËüÄÜΪDebianÓû§ÌṩÓÐЧµÄ°ïÖú¡£ Äã¿ÉÒÔ´ÓDebianÎĵµÏîÄ¿Ò³Ãæ»ñµÃ±¾ÎĵµµÄа汾£ºhttp://www.debian.org/doc/ddp¡£ ¶Ô±¾ÎĵµÓÐÈκÎÒâ¼û»ò½¨Òé¿ÉÖ±½Ó·¢email¸øÎÒ£º¡£ (ÖÐÎÄÓû§Çë·¢¸øÒëÕß) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- APT HOWTO (Obsolete Documentation) Gustavo Noronha Silva ÁõºÆ 1.8.10.4 - 2005Äê3ÔÂ